Bible Teaching Methods

Methodology for Sunday School & Other Bible Teachers
 

This Month's Teaching Method:

Debate

In a debate, members of the class take opposing sides on a controversial issue to seek to persuade the others to their viewpoint. This is done through an orderly process whereby each side is given equal time to present their arguments and then to do a rebuttal on what was shared by their opponents.
 

In Choosing Teaching Methodology consider your group factors:

Click on a factor or scroll down.
Group size
Resources needed
0bjective targeted
Use Modeled
Proximity of others
Finances needed
Age level
Categorization
Time required
0penness of group
Room size
Skills needed

Teacher Training Worksheet Based on These Group Factors:
Tips for Choosing & Using Methods


Group size
A debate can be done with as few as two students to almost any size class. The variable that changes with the larger class is the amount of total class participation. In a small class, many of the members will be active participants in the debate. The mid-size group will not have as high of a percentage of active participants but will allow for an open forum at the end of the debate which can include the remainder of the class in asking questions and discussing the issues further. The larger group will not allow for total participation in this kind of discussion. Most of the students will have a more passive role unless creative methods are employed to engage them.

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Resources needed
During the actual debate you will only need to set up chairs in the front of the classroom for each participant. In preparation for the debate, you should provide what is needed for participants to research and prepare their positions. This could include books, videos, magazines, website addresses, and a list of knowledgeable people whom they could interview.

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Objective targeted
Debates can stir up feelings and attitudes. They challenge beliefs as students are forced to examine an issue from different perspectives. Debating requires participants to research and to logically think things through. It teaches critical thinking as students must organize their thoughts.

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Use modeled
Debate has actually existed since the time of the ancient Greek philosophical thinkers. The elements of a debate are found today in courtroom trials and as a part of running for high political offices. Many schools have a debate club.

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Proximity of others
Since only one person should be talking at a time, closeness to another class should not be a problem. Students may speak louder as the debate heats up but you should not allow it to become a full-fledge brawl.

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Finances needed
Generally finances should not be needed unless you must purchase materials for research. If you or your church do not have books, videos, or magazines on the topic, you can usually direct students to books in a library or articles on the Internet.

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Age level
Debate is best suited for youth and adult classes. You may be able to engage upper elementary students in a form of debate.

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Categorization
Debate is an interactive group method employing dialog. It is student-centered, experiential learning.

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Time required
A debate can easily take the entire session, anywhere from 45 to 75 minutes depending on how many members are on each side. You should figure from 4-6 minutes for each person's initial argument and another 2-3 for each of their rebuttals. You may allow up to five minutes between the presentation of their arguments and the rebuttals to allow them to prepare for their rebuttal. If you open it up into a forum for discussion at the end of the debate, you need to figure in about another 10-20 minutes.

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Openness of group
Because of the competitive nature of a debate, some students may feel uncomfortable with it. A debate can be challenging and frustrating to those who must take a side for which they do not really agree and act like they do. Some students may have to deal with personal biases as a result of the debate which can be stretching.

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Room size
Almost any size of a classroom may be used as students are sedentary and set up only requires chairs in the front for the participants.

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Scroll down for Skill Development:
    How To Use this Teaching Method.


 
Skills needed
 

Choosing the Subject:

The topic should be obviously controversial. Write the proposition in positive terms. This is called the affirmative. It is usually stated in the beginning of the debate as the resolution (i.e. "Resolved that . . . ").
 
Not all issues can be boiled down to two perspectives. You may need to decide on the two top points of view. A forum at the end of the debate may be a good place to bring out the other alternative positions.
 

Choosing the Speakers:

Each side should have the same number of speakers, generally 2-3 speakers, possibly 4 if needed. In choosing participants, try, as much as is possible, to make the sides equitable in terms of their abilities.
 
The affirmative side bears the burden of proof with the opposition only needing to cast a reasonable doubt. For the debate to be effective, both sides need to act convinced that their position is right, even if they don't believe so. Remind them that their task is to try to persuade, not merely to inform others.
 
Prior to the debate make sure the participants understand the procedure for the debate. Encourage them to thoroughly prepare. They need to investigate both sides so they are able to anticipate the arguments of their opponents and be prepared to respond.
 

Following a fair and orderly procedure:

Each speaker is given a set amount of time to present their case (approx. 4-6 minutes each), beginning with the affirmative side. Alternate between sides until all have spoken.
 
Give a short time for speakers to work on their rebuttals (approx. 5 minutes).
 
Each speaker is given a set amount of time to present their rebuttal of what the other side presented (approx. 2-3 minutes each), this time beginning with the negative side. Alternate between sides until all have spoken, ending with the affirmative. (Note that the affirmative side is both the first and the last to speak in a debate.)
 
You may choose to use a variation of the traditional debate procedure:
  • Add a forum to the end of the debate whereby you open it to all members of the group to ask the speakers questions or to discuss what they heard. This will allow for a greater level of participation.
  • Do a group debate. Instead of choosing representatives from the class to be the speakers, let all students be a part of the debate. Assign half of the students to the affirmative side and the other half to the negative side. Request that they sit on opposite sides of the room facing each other. Speakers are chosen by the raising of their hands and given a 2-3 minute time limit. Alternate between sides. Follow the same procedure as the traditional debate in asking for arguments first and then the rebuttals with a short break in between for them to prepare for the rebuttal.
  • Invite experts in to do the debate rather than assign the task to students.
  • Do a "two hat debate" whereby you as the teacher debate yourself, first giving one side of an issue and then the other. To distinguish which side you are presenting, you may face a different way for each side or you may actually wear a different hat on your head each time. This is a teacher-centered approach and minimizes student participation but it may be better than a straight lecture approach.
     

Serving as a Moderator:

First explain the procedure for the debate and then lay some ground rules. For example, you may instruct them to keep on the issue at hand and not get off on irrelevant trails of thought or you will have to redirect them. You may also warn them about letting their competitive spirits get out of hand. Make it clear that at all times godly behavior is expected. You will monitor the way they treat each other.
 
Begin by defining the problem.
 
Keep it flowing using an orderly procedure as described above.
 
At the end, summarize each position.
 
Suggest implications and application of what they have heard. Or, open it up for a discussion allowing for feedback from the students regarding what they heard and what they will do about it.
 

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(Last updated 05/01/13)
 
 

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